Copyright © 2018
by Ralph F. Couey
The "Star Spangled Banner" has been the officially designated National Anthem of the United States since resolved by Congress in 1931. It was authored by a young lawyer, Francis Scott Key during a night-long bombardment of Fort McHenry. The barrage was the prelude to an assault on the Port of Baltimore, and an attack on the city itself. Key and a friend had been detained aboard the British flagship after pleading for the release of an American Doctor on the strength that he had treated British soldiers and sailors as well as Americans. While aboard, the two Americans were present during the pre-invasion staff conference where they heard the complete plans for the operation, hence the detention.
Rain and fog moved in, but the barrage was conducted despite the lowering weather. As daylight faded, the last thing Key saw was the small "storm flag" stars and stripes fluttering from the converted ship's mast over the fort. All night long, the British cannons thundered away. Estimates of the number of rounds expended run into the thousands. At times, air bursts allowed brief glimpses of that tattered flag still flying above the fort, signifying that it was still in American hands.
As dawn approached, the bombardment tapered off. The smoke from the shelling and the fog began to clear. In that lull, the soldiers defending the fort (miraculously, none were killed) hoisted the huge ceremonial flag. When dawn revealed the large flag flying defiantly over the embattled fort. Key was overcome with emotion and penned the inspired poem.
There are four verses, five if you count the one added by Oliver Wendell Holmes during the Civil War. The first verse is the one always sung, and the only one anybody really knows. It is unusual in that it is the only Nation Anthem that ends with a question. My favorite verse is the fourth one, which goes...